![]() ![]() We investigated these systems with polysaccharide mixtures and genetic knockouts and found that non-cognate polysaccharides modify hydrolase dynamics through some combination of non-specific protein interactions and down-regulation of the hydrolase in the presence of a non-cognate carbohydrate. Furthermore, we characterized enzyme diffusion in a mixture of glycans and found that non-cognate polysaccharides modify the dynamics of SusG and Bt1760 but not Bt4668. Moreover, experiments in glucose versus oligosaccharides suggest that the enzyme dynamics depend on their expression level. We characterized the diffusion of each surface hydrolase in the presence of its cognate glycan and found that all three enzymes are mostly immobile in the presence of the polysaccharide, consistent with carbohydrate binding. Here, we compare the dynamics of three glycoside hydrolases: SusG, Bt4668, and Bt1760, which target starch, galactan, and levan, respectively. Previously, we used single-molecule and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to show that SusG is mobile on the outer membrane and slows down in the presence of starch. Although the molecular mechanisms of the Sus system are known, how the Sus and Sus-like proteins cooperate remains elusive. Each Sus-like system includes outer-membrane proteins which translocate glycan into the periplasm and one or more cell-surface glycoside hydrolases which break down a specific (cognate) polymer substrate. The well-studied starch utilization system (Sus) is a prototype for glycan uptake in the human gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). The gut microbiota comprises hundreds of species with a composition shaped by the available glycans. ![]() We assert that this toolkit could dramatically enhance our understanding of the mammalian intestinal environment and identify host-microbial interactions critical for human health. We implement these tools to examine glycan mixtures, isolate target molecules for downstream characterization, and quantify the recovered products. Here, we harness this microbial machinery to indicate the presence and abundance of compositionally similar, yet structurally distinct glycans, using a transcriptional reporter we develop. Fortuitously, gut microbes encode specialized sensor proteins that recognize unique glycan structures and in-turn activate predictable, specific, and dynamic transcriptional responses. However, examining heterogeneous glycan mixtures for individual microbial substrates is hindered by glycan structural complexity and diversity, which presents substantial challenges to glycomics approaches. Therefore, identifying unique glycan substrates that support defined microbial populations could inform therapeutic avenues to treat diseases via modulation of the gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Please see below for the application, requirements, and approval process.Glycans facilitate critical biological functions and control the mammalian gut microbiota composition by supplying differentially accessible nutrients to distinct microbial subsets. Volunteers enrich the educational experience for all SUSD students. Volunteering is rewarding whether supporting the school office, participating in classroom activities, monitoring the playground or lunchroom, or chaperoning a field trip. Scottsdale Unified School District truly appreciates our volunteers that serve in SUSD schools. Please see below for the application, requirements, and approval process. SUSD is happy to aid you on this journey. Under the supervision of one of our highly qualified certified teachers, Student Teachers will learn about the teaching skills and methods for the classroom, observe classroom management, and gain knowledge of the community. Scottsdale Unified School District is proud to offer many different opportunities to fulfill college requirements in your pursuit of becoming a certified teacher! Student teaching offers college students the best introduction to the education field. Welcome, Student Teachers, Interns, Student Nurses, and Practicum Students!
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